Lanskap Global Etnosains dalam Pendidikan: Tinjauan PRISMA-ScR terhadap Literatur Scopus (2000-2025) sebagai Jembatan Pengetahuan Budaya dan Pembelajaran Sains Modern
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53299/jagomipa.v5i2.2056Keywords:
Etnosains, Pembelajaran Sains Kontekstual, Etnopedagogi, Kurikulum Berbasis Budaya, Scoping ReviewAbstract
Studi ini bertujuan untuk memetakan secara sistematis tren, kontribusi, dan kesenjangan riset etnosains dalam pendidikan global selama periode 2000–2025. Kajian ini menyoroti bagaimana pendekatan etnosains digunakan untuk memperkuat relevansi budaya dalam pembelajaran sains serta mendukung pendidikan yang inklusif dan berkeadilan epistemik. Metode yang digunakan adalah scoping review berbasis PRISMA-ScR, dengan empat tahapan utama: identifikasi literatur melalui database Scopus dengan kata kunci ”ethnoscience” dengan data awal 292 dokumen, penyaringan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi rentang waktu publikasi tahun 2000-2025 menjadi 241 dokumen. Tahap filter pada subyek area “Social Sciences” dan “Multidisciplinary” adalah 107 dokumen, kemudian di filter hanya pada jenis artikel adalah 83 dokumen. Data akhir tersebuut dianalisis menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan VOSviewer untuk mengidentifikasi pola tematik, kolaborasi penulis, dan distribusi kata kunci. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa publikasi tentang etnosains meningkat signifikan setelah tahun 2016, mencerminkan pergeseran global menuju pendekatan pendidikan yang lebih kontekstual dan dekolonial. Lima tema dominan meliputi integrasi pengetahuan lokal dalam sains, pengembangan keterampilan berpikir kritis, perangkat ajar berbasis budaya, dan evaluasi efektivitas pembelajaran etnosains. Namun demikian, ditemukan kesenjangan mencolok berupa keterbatasan dokumentasi pengetahuan lokal, dominasi paradigma sains modern dalam kurikulum, serta minimnya model asesmen yang relevan secara budaya. Secara teoritis, studi ini memperkuat argumen bahwa pendidikan sains perlu melampaui dominasi epistemik barat. Secara praktis, hasil kajian ini merekomendasikan reformulasi kurikulum, pelatihan guru berbasis budaya, serta pengembangan media digital berbasis lokal. Studi ini menjadi dasar penting untuk kebijakan pendidikan yang lebih responsif terhadap keberagaman pengetahuan dan kebutuhan lokal di era global.
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